I think this is what they refer to as a "fuckup."

My primary care physician performs a test in his office. Doctor submits claim to insurance. Insurance rejects claim because they can't figure out who my primary care physician is. A year and a half after said test, I get a bill from my doctor for $1025. Less than a week after the bill arrives, I receive a letter from a collection agency demanding that I pay up the $1025.

To be fair, at least I got a big fat apology from my doctor.